ترجمه شهرسازی و معماری چشم انداز برنامه ریزی شهری

ترجمه شهرسازی و معماری- 23 صفحه

سال 2012

Landscape as medium and method for synthesis in urban ecological design

چشم انداز به عنوان وسیله و روشی برای ساخت مصنوعی در طراحی بخش زیست محیطی شهری

جان ایورسان ناسور Joan Iverson Nassauer

School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204612001016

دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی- چشم انداز برنامه ریزی شهری

چکیده

چشم انداز به زمینه مفهومی اشاره دارد که بررسی می کند چطور انسان ها فضای جغرافیایی و مکان های واقعی را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهند و این واژه معانی ضنی تجربی و تجلیلی دارد توام شدن تلویحات بخش تجربی و تحلیلی ، چشم انداز را قادر می سازد که یک واسطه برای ساخت مصنوعی در علم باشد و برای بینش ( دیدگاه ) در طراحی بخش زیست محیط شهری باشد .

تاکید روی این نکته است که علم اساسا برای طراحی زیست محیطی است این مقاله به صورت گسترده طرح زیست محیطی شهری را تفسیر می کند که شامل تغییرات عامدانه چشم انداز ها در شهر ها است این مقاله دو قانون و دو اصل مرتبط را برای به کارگیری چشم انداز به عنوان ابزار محیطی و روش برای طراحی زیس محیطی شهری ارائه می دهد .

در قوانین مشاهده می شود که چشم انداز ها با فرآیند های محیطی تلفین می شوند و اینکه چشم انداز ها قابل رویت هستند دو اصل مرتبط توضیح می دهند که چطور این ویژگی های منسجم می توانند به کار گرفته شوند تا کاربرد چشم انداز به عنوان محیطی برای ساخت مصنوعی مورد تایید قرار بگیرد و در قالب روشی باشد که نوآوری های بدیع و خلاقانه را می طلبد .

چشم انداز ، آرایش صحنه نیست یک واحد سیاسی نیست . به سادگی یک فضای طبیعی نیست مشخصه ای از محیط طبیعی است آن همیشه مصنوعی است همیشه ساختگی است همیشه درم عرض تغییر ناگهانی و غیر قابل پیش بینی است چشم انداز در ایفا فرایند های طبیعی می کند ، رشد و بلوغ و زوال است یک منظره جایی است که ما در ارتباط با یک برنامه جهانی بزرگ سرعت می گیریم یا آهسته عمل می کنیم و خودمان را در معرفی آن قرار می دهیم دلایل زیادی برای این گفته وجود دارند که چرا رستگاری به رهایی ما از ابین نیرو بستگی دارد تا روال ( جریان ) زمان را و بازگشت مان را به یک نظم طبیعی تر تغییر دهیم اما نظم جدید زمان نه تنها طبیعت بلکه می بایست خودمان را هم تحت تاثیر قرار دهد که نوعی جدید از تاریخ را به ما می آموزد که با نظم اجتماعی تر و نهایتا با یک چشم انداز جدید است . جان بریکرهاف جکسن .

Abstract
“Landscape” refers both to a conceptual field that examines how humans affect geographic space and to real places, and the word has both analytical and experiential implications. Pairing the analytical and the experiential enables landscape to be a catalyst for synthesis in science and for insight in urban ecological design. Emphasizing that science is fundamental to ecological design, this essay broadly interprets urban ecological design to include intentional change of landscapes in cities, their megaregions, and resource hinterlands. The essay offers two laws and two related principles for employing landscape as a medium and a method for urban ecological design. The laws observe that landscapes integrate environmental processes and that landscapes are visible. Two related principles explain how these inherent characteristics can be used to effect sustain ability by using landscape as a medium for synthesis and in a method that invites creative invention.
Highlights
Designed landscapes include all landscapes intentionally made by people – not only places that appear to be designed.
Ecological design is defined as: intentional landscape change to achieve and protect ecosystem services.
This requires a foundation in science. Science is more relevant when it is conceived to speak to ecological design.
Landscapes integrate environmental processes, and landscapes are visible. This empowers design-science synthesis.
Consequently, landscape is a medium for science-society synthesis and a method for environmental invention.
Keywords
Synthesis; Planning; Sustainability; Scenario; Visualization; Transdisciplinary

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